PARTIALLY FINISHED AZTEC OBSIDIAN LIP PLUG LABRET *PC463

Product Description

SEE MORE PRE-COLUMBIAN ARTIFACTS

This is a perfectly preserved, complete and unfinished labret lip plug made of obsidian, from the Pre-Columbian Aztec Empire.  It is nearly finished and lacks the final polish that would have put a final, refined shaping on the form, as well as a transparent finish.  The end that would have protruded out from below the lip shows a partially drilled impression.  This would have been finished by drilling deeper and mounting a small gemstone or other embellishment in the circular recess.  Obsidian, being volcanic glass, is extremely difficult to work to manufacture into something so delicate as this and not have it break.  Such workmanship demonstrates the gifted skill that the master craftspeople would have possessed to make such a spectacular object of body adornment.  Rare and interesting to show the stages of completion of these famous objects of body art.  Identical to several specimens residing in museums around the world.  A classic example of Aztec body adornment and jewelry. 

This comes from the famous Dr. Allen Heflin Collection, formed from his work in Mexico from 1946 into the 1970's, and includes historical documentation about the collection.

Mineral encrustations and sediment deep in recesses, are indicators ONLY found in AUTHENTIC specimens such as this.  Caution must be applied in acquiring ancient obsidian artifacts because the stone does not patinate on the surface like other lithic types.

HISTORY

While many ancient civilizations remain a mystery, little can be left to conjecture when it comes to the details of the Aztec way of life. An extensive and detailed collection of written and pictorial records exist for us today called CODICES (CODEX if singular) were produced before Spanish contact by the native tribes themselves, and afterwards during the Colonial period. These codices were created by the Aztecs in pictorial form, as well as by other indigenous tribal sources, all of which had no written language. Colonial era codices exist in greater number with roughly 500 separate codices known, showing extensive pictograms as well as being written in Spanish, Latin and in the original Nahuatl language.

The origin of the Aztec (Azteca) Empire is legendary. Aztec codices record that they began their wandering journey in 1100 A.D. emerging from their former homeland called Aztlan or "place of the herons", an island in a lake where men went out to fish from boats. The exact location of this region is not known but other than it was northwest of present-day Mexico City, the former center of the Aztec empire, but how far, it is a mystery.

The Aztecas believed they were guided by a blood-thirsty deity they called Huitzilopochtli who communicated to them through four priest-chieftains called teomama. Their god called upon them for his insatiable thirst for human blood and sacrifice. As they migrated south, every indigenous Indian tribe they encountered along the way abhorred the Azteca, as they were known, as they were reviled and scorned for their violent and barbaric ways. During their migration, Huitzilopochtli gave a message to his people that their new identity would no longer be known as Azteca but as Mexica. In around 1325 A.D., as they were fleeing an altercation with the Culhuacans, they were driven to a marsh. Their god Huitzilopochtli consoled them that evening and said he would end their wandering and told them to look for a sign that he will give them that will signify their new homeland which will be "the place of the cactus and the eagle I now name Tenochtitlan". They next day they witnessed an eagle resting on a prickly pear cactus which they interpreted to be the sign they were hoping for.

This marsh, Lake Texcoco, would later become a vast canal-laced highly advanced, super city of stone pyramids and temples known as Tenochtitlan. With a population that grew to an estimated 200,000 people (three times the largest city of Spain at the time!) this became the center of the most powerful and militaristic empire of Mesoamerica - home of the Aztecs. Today, we classify their reign as occupying the Late Post Classic Period from 1250 - 1521 A.D.

The success and rise of the Aztec empire was largely attributed to their dominance through intimidation of their surrounding neighbors from whom they extracted resources from. The effect of their extreme militarism and brutality on their enemies brought a large region of peoples into submission. The highly advanced and complex Aztec social structure, as well as legal system, kept their growth intact and the society orderly. They formed an alliance with the Texcoco and Tlacopan tribes and in 1428 A.D., they defeated the Tepaneca. This triple alliance established a great empire that was predominantly ruled from Tenochtitlan. At its peak, this empire included a large, diverse group of people and spanned an area from the entire Central Mexico region south, into northern Guatemala.

References:

- Fiedel, Stuart J., Prehistory of the Americas, 1992 - Freeman and Company, Early Man in America, 1973 

- Hirth Kenneth, Obsidian Craft Production in Ancient Central Mexico, 2006 

- Muser, Curt, Facts and Artifacts of Ancient Middle America, 1978 

- Phillips, Charles, The Complete Illustrated History of the Aztec and Maya, 2008 

- Pohl, John M.D., Aztec, Mixtec and Zapotec Armies. Oxford: 1991 

- Schmal, John P., The History of the Indigenous Sinaloa. 2004 - Stuart, Gene, The Mighty Axtecs, 1981